Internal-combustion engine



March 26, 1929. v w HT 1,707,153

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Nov. 10, 1925 Patented Mar. 26, 1929.

UNITED STATES CHARLES v. WRIGHT, or AMAQUA, PENNSYLVANIA.

(INTEENA -coMBUsTIoN ENGINE.

sp ucationfiled November 1c, 1925. Serial Nb. 68,186.

flhe objectof my invention is to provide nnprovementsin pistonsfor lnternal combustion engineswhich will have all or any of the advantages hereinafter set forth in 5 regard to construction and action, and with this end in view my invention consists in whatever is described by or is included with iii-the terms or scope of the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section of bodying my invention Fig. 2 is a perspective View showing the trunk and headparts separated. .An important feature of my invention is a piston of sections that include an interchangeable head, so that by interchanging heads of different sizes, the compression may be increasedor diminished, and thus the horse-power changed with nochange of piston stroke or displacement or diameter of bore.

Tlhe piston shown in the drawings as one embodiment of my invention comprises a trunk, or lower part, 10, having the wrist pin, 11, with which the connecting rod is connected, and aremovable head or cap part, 12, the abutting faces of the two parts being flat or plane, so they may slip or slide laterally upon one another before they are 30 secured together by the fastening bolts, 13, which pass each through a hole, 14, in the head section and an alining hole,15, in the trunk sectionand screw into a threaded hole in the wrist pin bushing, 16, preferably of brass. I thus make the bushing serve as nut, because should thethread strip, the bushing may be removed and another substituted, whereas if the thread were in the trunk,the whole trunk would have to be thrown away to supply a new, threaded hole forthebolt. g i

The head of the bolt is on the outsideof the piston head sect-ion, so that it isofconvenient access for turning the bolt, inassembling or taking the piston apart. The two bolts are eccentric to the-piston, and hence, in turning the bolts, there isno tendency to rotate the piston. which might result in some twisting of the rod connection with. the wrist pin and cause serious nonalignment of parts.

To secure lightness, the headsection is chambered on its side next to the trunk, but the bolt hole, 14:, is formed in a thick lug, 17, so that there is no danger of any breakage of the head section at the bolt ll-JlOS which a piston emmerit enables a would result in loose fragments of the piston that would score or cut the cylinder walls.

The bolt holes, 14, are not a close orsliding fit with the bolts, but are substantially larger in diameter, that besides making easy the insertion of the bolts, some side play of the piston sections is possible which is important in that the section parts can thereby adjust themselves to the cylinder, when assembling the engine. This looseness is also an advantage because when the bolts are unscrewed from the bushings, and the portions of thebolts that stick abovethe head section are grasped between the fingers and thumb the bolts will bind enough in the holes to enable them tobe used as a handle to lift the head section out of the engine cylinder. While any desired boltlock may be used for. the bolts, 13, their separated arrangevery simple lock to be used that consists merely of a metal strip, 18, with holes near each end for the passage of the bolts, and capable of being bent up alongside each bolt head and in contact therewith to form the lock. When thebolts are to be removed the head-engaging portions of the strip are bent out of contact therewith. The lock so formed has no small parts apt to be heated so as to cause ignition of an engine charge after the spark has been cut off.

The head section has annular groovesfor split packing rings, 19, and these being carried by the head are removed and replaced with it from and to the cylinder. The end portion of the trunk, 10, adjacent the head, has an annular grove, 20, that cuts across the upper portion of the 'wrist pin bushings and the wrist pin, and thereby is provided packing ring space, for preferably two split packing rings, 21 and 22, placed one above the other, and confined in such space by the overlapping end ofthe head section. These packing rings thus hold the wrist pin from endwise motion, so that no screw or pin for that purpose is necessary and, hence, the wrist pinbeing free to turn in the trunk, and the connecting rod being free to turn upon the wrist pin, there is possibility of self adjustment or compensation for nonalignment, or non-parallelism of parts which obviate serious strains that would be set up were the wrist pin fixed by a pin at any one of the three points mentioned.

It will. be observed that the packing rings, 21 and 22, where they cross the wrist pin joint between piston and cylinder 'wall is ends, the bushing and the portion of the piston section adjacent the bushing, :have

bearing contact with the surfaees which they cross and thus though the packin rings cross 7 the hole in the iston provided or the wrist pin and the bus ing, nevertheless, a gas-tight preserved, so that no loss of compression can occur, nor can there be any passlng of 011 Should it bejdesire'd,

by suchupacking rings. v i I v however, the wrlst pin can be engaged by the -inner ends of gate bolts, 13, but thi would'losefthe advantage of the wrist pin freeto rotate, and

wouldrequire nice work to :secure clamping contact of head sect on.

, T e a k s thebolt heads or the piston and though servingfto' oldfthe'wrist pin; from'endwise motion, are so situated'thatithey perfectly seal againstthe passageof oil. 0 thecombustionj chamber, and] any surplus scraped off bythe edgeof the lower ring andmay freely passinto the open end of'the bushing and work its way along theiwrist pin and to the ,thr,eaded' hole in the bushing and so prevent thebolttherein from becoming fast and troublesome-.01 impossible of removal.

twofsplitpacking rings :21 and 22, are arranged to break joints to make a per? fect seal. a

The removal of the rings, 2 l

: 2 2,v very simple. vWith the engine head removed andlwith the piston at compres- ,sion stroke, the head section with its packing ringspistremoved. I This uncovers or frees thepackmg rings, 2l.and 22, which acting expansively will; bear against the cylinder walls- The crankshagtt now being turned 1' to retract thegpist onltpunk, the rings, ad-

herin orstickingtol the cylinder walls'will rings, i, and ;-the portion of the cylinder exposed is that wherethe rings work, andnot 9111 1 the 'pm't'i i as -Wh n a e s had from the bottom of the cylinder, and where the, mechanic is; on hisback and at a disadvantage in his work for that reason, and nobody-gcan seewhat he is doing and whether his work is done right Analuminum pistondesired because of the l ghtnessof aluminum, s impractical becauselthe harder metalpacking rings cut ,or

wear the top walls of the ring grooves from the-pressure of the top walls against the rings under the ressure of the explosion. But i can make L16 trunk section, which is the greatly larger part of the piston, of the light aluminum, because I make the head section ofcast iron which has all the packing ring contacts that must stand the wear.

wrist pin, a connecting rod free on the wrist pin between the bushings, the wrist pin bcing free to turn in the bushings, a separable head section for the piston, and bolts extending through such head section and engaging threaded holes in said bushings, lubricating oil having access to the portions of the bolts in the bushings.

2. A piston for internal combustion engines having a wrist pin, a ring encircling the piston that crosses the wrist pin ends, a bushing in the piston at each end of the wrist pin, and connecting rod free on the wrist pin between the bushings, the wrist pin being free to turn in the bushings, a separable head section for the piston, and bolts extending through such head section. and engaging threaded holes in said bushing.

3. A piston for internal combustion engines having a wrist pin, a packing ring encircling the piston that crosses the wrist pin ends, the end surface of the ring opposite the end of th e piston in the combustion chamber being exposed in a space for oil in the piston side at the wrist pin end, the piston having ad acent the wrist pin ends a surface with which the interior-of the ring contacts adjacent such ends, said packing ring on its inside having packing contact throughout its circumferential extent with the piston surface, and a connecting rod on the wrist pin.

4. A piston for internal combustion ongines havinga wrist pin, a' packing ring encirclin thepiston that crosses the wrist pin ends, 't 1e pin being free to turn on its axis, the piston having adjacent tho lwrist pin ends a surface with which the interior of the ring contacts adjacent such ends, packing ring on its mside having packing contact throughout its circumferential icxtentwith the piston surface, and a connecting' rod on the wrist .pin.

I t im y wh feez hereunt .ufli my na u e CHARLES v. aren'r. 

